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In this lucid and supremely readable study, Brian Kelly challenges the prevailing notion that white workers were the main source of resistance to racial equality in the Jim Crow South. Focusing on a period framed by two major coalfield strikes, this important volume presents new evidence of the role white elites played in fomenting racial discord at the bottom of southern society. Supported by the voices of the coal miners, trade unionists, and mine operators of early twentieth-century Birmingham, Alabama, Kelly chronicles the hard-fought strike of 1908, during which black and white miners came together in a practical alliance. After breaking the strike, the region's powerful industrialists consolidated their control, combining techniques anchored in the discriminatory and paternalistic structure of the Old South with northern-inspired welfare capitalism to hold wages to the lowest levels in the country. When the demand for labor brought on by World War I shifted the balance of power and rejuvenated mineworkers' militancy, the operators panicked, resorting to race-baiting, coercion, and vigilantism to combat the threat of black and white unity. In the lead-up to the dramatic 1920 strike, the employers were aided in their efforts to split the workforce by Birmingham's small but influential black middle class, whose espousal of industrial accommodation outraged black miners and revealed significant tensions within the African-American community.

In the late nineteenth century, prisoners in Alabama, the vast majority of them African Americans, were forced to work as coal miners under the most horrendous conditions imaginable. Black Prisoners and Their World draws on a variety of sources, including the reports and correspondence of prison inspectors and letters from prisoners and their families, to explore the history of the African-American men and women whose labor made Alabama's prison system the most profitable in the nation. To coal companies and the state of Alabama, black prisoners provided, respectively, sources of cheap labor and state revenue. By 1883 a significant percentage of the workforce in the Birmingham coal industry was made up of convicts. But to the families and communities from which the prisoners came, the convict lease was a living symbol of the dashed hopes of Reconstruction. Indeed, the lease -- the system under which the prisoners labored for the profit of the company and the state -- demonstrated Alabama's reluctance to let go of slavery, and its determination to pursue profitable prisons no matter what the human cost. Despite the efforts of prison officials, progressive reformers, and labor unions, the state refused to take prisoners out of the coal mines. In the course of her narrative, Mary Ellen Curtin describes how some prisoners died while others endured unspeakable conditions and survived. Curtin argues that black prisoners used their mining skills to influence prison policy, demand better treatment, and become wage-earning coal miners upon their release. Black Prisoners and Their World unearths new evidence about life under the most repressive institution in the New South. Curtinsuggests disturbing parallels between the lease and today's burgeoning system of private incarceration.

Alabama Power - Alabama Power is a company in the southern United States that provides electricity service to 1.3 million homes, businesses, and industries in the southern two-thirds of Alabama.

Avondale, Birmingham, Alabama - Avondale, Alabama was a company town built around the Avondale Mills east of Birmingham, Alabama. The city was annexed into Birmingham and is now divided into three separate neighborhoods, North Avondale, East Avondale and South Avondale.

Drummond Company - Drummond Company is a privately owned company based in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, involved in the mining and processing of coal and coal products. The company was founded in 1935 by H.

Atlanta and Birmingham Air Line Railway - Originally called the East and West Railroad of Alabama, the Atlanta and Birmingham Air Line Railway was was formed when the Seaboard Air Line Railroad purchased the E&W in 1902 and renamed it in 1903. With two additions to the original E&W, the A&BAL did reach both Birmingham, AL and Howells, GA (which is Northwest of Atlanta, GA) by 1904.

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Al Map Tuscaloosa - Al Map Tuscaloosa From Oslo To Iraq And The Road Map To Peace Nadine Gordimer once wrote, referring to Edward Said s memoir Out of Place, Said is in place among the truly important intellects in our century. These forty-six eloquent al map tuscaloosa and impassioned essays written by Said between December 2000 al map tuscaloosa and July 2003 for the London-based Al-Hayat, Cairo s Al-Ahram Weekly, al map tuscaloosa and the London Review of Books underscore his ...

Opelika Alabama News - Opelika Alabama News Alabama Game & Fish Every month in Alabama Game & Fish, you'll discover the best hotspots throughout the state for hunting opelika alabama news and fishing. We?ll also bring you Alabama?s latest outdoor news, plus plenty of how-to tactics opelika alabama news and special strategies designed to make you a more successful hunter opelika alabama news and angler. Copyright (C) Muze Inc. 2005. For personal use only. All rights reserved. FOR BEST PRICE The Louvin Brothers - ...

Athens Alabama Utility - Athens Alabama Utility Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (DVD) Utilizing the same cinema verite style as his groundbreaking documentary PRIMARY, award-winning filmmaker Robert Drew once again turned to John F. Kennedy as the subject of his film CRISIS. In June of 1963, President Kennedy faced one of the most explosive conflicts of his administration: despite a federal court order, Alabama Governor George Wallace vowed to personally prevent two black students from entering the all-white University of Alabama. Happy with Drew's work on PRIMARY, Kennedy allowed the filmmaker athens alabama utility and his team of cameramen--Richard Leacock, ...

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